第四部分进一步阅读书目(第2/3页)

联合国每年都编辑出版世界人口统计,经常发布一些专题研究,如Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in Developing Countries(New York,1991)。关于独立的学术评估,见D.Gale Johnson and Ronald D.Lee,eds.,Population Growth and Economic Development:Issues and Evidence(Madison,Wisc.,1987)。关于生育率下降,Ansley J.Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins,eds.,The Decline of Fertility in Europe(Princeton,1986)是权威的著作。

关于即时通讯及其社会影响,至今还未出现满意的全球性研究,但是可以参考:Gerald W.Brock,The Telecommunications Industry(Cambridge,Mass.,1981);Daniel J.Czitrom, Media and the American Mind (Chapel Hill,N.C.,1982);和Ernst Braun and Stuart McDonald,Revolution in Miniature:The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics,2nd ed.(Cambridge,Mass.,1982)。Richard Critchfield,The Villagers:Changed Values,Altered Lives and the Closing of the Urban-Rural Gap(New York,1994),提供了最近乡村态度变化的一系列最新的和令人信服的个案研究。

西方人常常假定,他们中间发生的事情就是全世界的走向,现代通信使这种假设并没有比过去更少误导。但是对新观念和新技术的反动也是各种各样的,下面提及的著作在某种程度上表明了世界各地的多样性。

非洲。除了上述第二、第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中列举的之外,下列著作值得留意。Paul Bohannan and Philip D.Curtin,Africa and Africans,3rded.(Prospect Heights,Ill.,1988)是一部特别优秀的通史教材;Roland Oliver,The African Experience(New York,1991)简明地归纳了他对非洲历史和社会的毕生研究成果。关于奴隶制,Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life:Occidental,Oriental and African Slave Trades(Cambridge,1990),是近代非洲最独特的历史统计研究。关于非殖民化的总体研究,试试Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,eds.,Decolonization and African Independence:The Transfers of Power,1960~1980(New Haven,Conn.,1988)。关于南非种族关系的心酸描述,Alan Paton的小说Cry the Beloved Country(New York,1948)是最有教益的。关于非洲最终成功地抵制了种族隔离,见Sheridan Johns and R.Hunt Davis,eds.,Mandela,Tambo,and the African National Congress:The Struggle against Apartheid,1948~1990(New York,1991)。

伊斯兰教世界。在第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中“伊斯兰教世界”条目下列举的著作都涉及了更近的时代。Ira M.Lapidus,A History of Islamic Societies(Cambridge,Mass.,1988)是近来对伊斯兰教各国整体进行解释的著作中最具抱负的,但是不能取代Marshall G.S.Hodgson,The Venture of Islam,3 vols.(Chicago,1974)。还可参见Edmund Burke III and Ira M.Lapidus,Islam,Politics and Social Movements(Berkeley,1988);Charles P.Issawi,An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa(New York,1982);和Elie Kedourie,Politics in the Middle East(Oxford,1992)。

关于阿拉伯—以色列冲突,中立的论述似乎仍然是不可能的,但是Sydney D.Bailey,Four Arab-Israeli Wars and the Peace Process(Bastingstock,UK,1990);J.C.Hurewitz,The Struggle for Palestine,rev.ed.(New York,1978)和Ian Lustick,Arabs in the Jewish State:Israils Control of a National Minority(Austin,Tex.,1980),作了尝试。关于针锋相对的观点,见Lawrence A.Hoffman,ed.,The Land of Israel:Jewish Perspectives(Notre Dame,Ind.,1986)与Edward W.Said,The Question of Palestine(New York,1980)。

关于伊朗1979年革命,见Nikki R.Keddie,Roots of Revolution:An Interpretive History of Modern Iran(New Haven,Conn.,1981);Roy P.Mottahedeh,The Mantle of the Prophet:Religion and Politics in Iran(New York,1985);和James A.Bill, The Eagle and the Lion:The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations (New Haven,Conn.,1988)。关于伊拉克,见Phoebe Marr,The Modern History of Iraq(Boulder,Col.,1985);Mario Farouk-Sluglett and Peter Sluglett,Iraq since1958:From Revolution to Dictatorship(London,1990);和Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi,Saddam Hussein:A Political Biography(New York,1991)。

关于土耳其:Niyazi Berkes,The Development of Secularism in Turkey(Montreal,1964);Walter F.Weiker,The Modernization of Turkey:From Ataturk to the Present Day(New York,1981);和C.H.Dodd,The Crisis of Turkish Democracy,2nd ed.(Huntingdon,Cal.,1990),讨论了一个世俗政权的成功和重重困难。关于埃及现代史,见Arthur E.Goldschmidt,Jr., Modern Egypt:The Formation of a Nation State(Boulder,Col.,1988);Panayiotis J.Vatikiotis,The History of Modern Egypt,from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak,4th ed.(Baltimore,Md.,1991);和Derek Hopwood,Egypt:Politics and Society,1945~1990,3rded.(London,1991)。

印度和东南亚。对印度历史的最好介绍是A.L.Basham,A Cultural History of India(Oxford,1975)。关于社会经济史,试试Dharma Kumar ed.,The Cambridge Economic History of India,Vol.2,1757~1970 (Cambridge,1983)。关于英国的殖民统治,见Penderel Moon,British Conquest and Dominion of India(London,1989);和L.S.S.OMalley,ed.,Modern India and the West:A Study of the Interaction of Their Civilizations(London,1968)。两部著名的小说比许多历史学著作更深刻地揭露了英国统治下的印度:E.M.Forster,A Passage to India(London,1924);和Rudyard Kipling,Kim(London,1901)。Mohandas K.Gandhi,The Story of My Experiments with Truth(Boston,1957);和Jawaharlal Nehru,Towards Freedom:The Autobiography of Jawaharlal Nehru(New York,1941)是现代独立印度两位主要缔造者的深刻有力的叙述。由于印度很可能超越中国而成为全球人口最多的国家,所以Tim Dyson,ed.,Indias Historical Demography:Studies in Famine,Disease and Society(London,1989),是特别有趣的著作。关于东南亚,David J.Steinberg,In Search of Southeast Asia:A Modern History,rev.ed.(Honolulu,Hi.,1987)是一本非常好的入门读物。

远东。3部杰出的中国现代史通论著作是:John J.Fairbank,China:A New History(Cambridge,1992);Immanuel C.Y.Hsu,The Rise of Modern China,4th ed(New York,1990);和Jonathan D.Spence, The Search for Modern China(New York,1990)。带有现代中美关系特色的涉及传教、商业和意识形态方面的综合著作是John J.Fairbank,The United States and China,4th ed.(Cambridge,Mass.,1983)。关于中国共产主义,见James P.Harrison,The Long March to Power:A History of the Chinese Communist Party,1921~1972(New York,1972);Edgar Snow,Red Star over China(New York,1973)和Ross Terrill, Mao:A Biography(New York,1980)。关于人口,Judith Bannister,Chinas Changing Population(Stanford,Cal.,1978);关于乡村生活,William L.Parish and Martin K.Whyte,Village and Family in Contemporary China(Chicago,1978)。