注释（第4/4页）

12.Lever,p.36.

13.Ibid.,p.41.

14.Hobsbawm,"Mass Producing Traditions,"pp.288-89.

15.Ibid.,p.300.

16.Pope,p.328.

17.Norman Chad,"World Cup Soccer Stirs Emotions That Few Americans Can Understand,"Los Angeles Times,June15,1986.

18.Louis Kutcher,"The American Sports Event as Carnival:An Emergent Norm Approach to Crowd Behavior,"Journal of Popular Culture16,no.4(Spring1983):34-41.

19.Morris,p.248.

20.See http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_186.html.

21.Bob Harvilla,"Thumping for Tejada,"East Bay Express,May2,2003,p.58.

22.Mark Simon,"A Little Bit of Brazil in Palo Alto,"San Francisco Chronicle,June21,1993.

23.May Colleen,the Airbrush Shoppe,phone interview with the author.

24.Bobbi Weiner,phone interview with the author.

25.http://www.koreainfogate.com/2002worldcup/news.asp?column=97.

26."Soccer Crowds Sing,Sing,Sing for the Homeland Team,"Washington Post,July16,1994.

27.Klaus Hansen,review of Soccer Fan Singing:A FANomenology,by Reinhard Kopiez and Guido Brink,RPM,no.26,Summer1998.

28.Bellos,p.140.

29.Morris,p.258.

30.Quoted in ibid.,p.258.

31.Mark Trumbull,"How'the Wave'Swept the Nation,"Christian Science Monitor,January29,1993.

32.George Vecsey,"Help Stop the Wave,"New York Times,June25,1984.

33."Sports of the Times:Permanent Wave in Motown,"New York Times,October6,1984.

34.Cashmore,p.182.

35.Wann et al.,p.128.

36.Kutcher,p.39.

37.Sheila Moss,http://www.humorcolumnist.com/football.htm.

38.Morris,p.252.

39.Bellos,p.128.

40."It Isn't Just a Game:Clues to Avid Rooting,"New York Times,August11,2000.

41.Harvilla,"Thumping for Tejada."

42.Franz Lidz,"Out of Bounds,"Sports Illustrated,November30,1992.

43.Faludi,pp.205-6.

44.Bellos,p.140.

45.Guttmann,p.145.

46.Faludi,p.204.

47.Quoted in Michael Silver,"Rock'n'Roll Is Here to Play,"Time,May24,1999.

48.Quoted in ibid.

49.Ibid.

50.Damian Dobrosielski and Deepika Reddy,"The Art of Sports,"http://www.collegian.psu/hppt//www.collegian.psu.edu/07-05-94index.aspnews07-05-94index.asp-news.

51.Catherine Applefeld Olson,"Pro Sports Marketing Pitches for Athletic Events,"Billboard,September8,2002.

52.Sean Jensen,"Bring Down the Noise,"Pioneer Press,March20,2002.

53.Tara Rodgers,"Take Me'Out'to the Ballgame:Interventions into the Transformation of the Village People's'YMCA'from Disco Anthem to Ballpark Fun,"Pinknoises.com,http://www.pinknoises.com/ymca.shtml.

54.Stan Savran,"Stadium Music Has Gone to Dogs,"http://www.postgazette.com/sports/columnist/20001022stan.asp.

55.David Jackson,"Passion Fuels Soccer's Biggest Party,"Dallas Morning News,July10,1994.

56.Masakazu Yamazaki,"A Parody of Nationalism:Soccer and the Japanese,"Correspondence[Council on Foreign Relations],Winter2002-3:30.

57.D.S.Eitzen,quoted in Wann et al.,p.197.

58.Faludi,p.211.

59.Jack Boulware,"Plush Rush,"American Way,September1,1997,p.51.

结论

1.Métraux,p.9.

2.Duvignaud,p.16.

3.Paul Halmos,"The Decline of the Choral Dance,"in Josephson and Josephson,pp.172-79.

4.Debord,paragraph154.

5.Ibid.,paragraph20.

6.Quoted in Roth,p.38.

7.Christopher Dickey,"Iran's Soccer Diplomacy,"Newsweek,April27,1998.

8.Nicholas Rogers,p.126.

9."Party Time for the Protesters,"Seattle Post-Intelligencer,December4,1999.